مجله پژوهش در متابولیت‌های  گیاهی

مجله پژوهش در متابولیت‌های گیاهی

بررسی اثر گل تازه و خشک بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گل محمدی (Rosa damascena Mill.) در هفته‌های مختلف برداشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان
2 دانشگاه هرمزگان- دانشکده کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی-گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی
3 موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران
چکیده
گل محمدی (Rosa damascena Mill.) از خانواده گل‌سرخیان (Rosaceae) بوده و اسانس آن به‌عنوان یکی از گران‌ترین اسانس‌های دنیا در صنعت عطرسازی کاربرد دارد. زمان مناسب برداشت گل‌ها یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس این گیاه است. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی اسانس گل تازه و خشک در چهار زمان برداشت (۲۰ و ۲۷ اردیبهشت، ۳ و ۱۰ خرداد) در منطقه سعادت‌شهر استان فارس انجام شد. آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با ۸ تیمار و ۳ تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه در این آزمایش شامل 2 نوع ماده گیاهی مختلف (تر و خشک) و چهار هفته (20 ، 27 اردیبهشت، 3 و 10 خرداد) بود. گلبرگ‌های برداشت ‌شده از گلستان ۴ ساله در دوره اوج گل‌دهی جمع‌آوری و برای گل خشک در سایه خشک شدند. اسانس‌گیری به روش تقطیر با آب و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس‌ها با دستگاه‌های GC و GC-MS تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد نوع ماده گیاهی و زمان برداشت تأثیر معنی‌داری بر بازده و ترکیبات اسانس دارد. بیشترین بازده اسانس (094/0 درصد) از گل تازه در هفته اول و کمترین بازده (036/0 درصد) از گل خشک در هفته چهارم حاصل شد. بالاترین مقدار سیترونلول + ژرانیول (24/60 درصد) در هفته اول و از گل تازه برداشت شده به‌دست آمد؛ کم‌ترین مقدار سیترونلول + ژرانیول (53/3 درصد) در هفته چهارم و در گل خشک مشاهده گردید. کمیت و کیفیت اسانس با افزایش دما و کاهش رطوبت نسبی محیط کاهش و گل‌های تازه برای اسانس‌گیری مناسب‌تر از گل‌های خشک هستند.
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